Lasers: Interaction of radiation with matter, Einstein’s coefficients (derivation of expression for energy density).Requisites of a Laser system. Conditions for Laser action. Principle, Construction, and working of CO2 and semiconductor Lasers. Application of Lasers in Defence (Laser range finder) and medical applications- Eye surgery and skin treatment.
Optical Fibers: Propagation mechanism, angle of acceptance, Numerical aperture, Modes of propagation, Types of optical fibers, Attenuation, and Mention of expression for attenuation coefficient. Discussion of a block diagram of point-to-point communication, Optical fiber sensors- Intensity based displacement sensor and Temperature sensor based on phase modulation, Merits, and demerits, and Numerical problems.
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