Lasers & Optical Fibers physics notes vtu engineering

Lasers: Interaction of radiation with matter, Einstein’s coefficients (derivation of expression for energy density).Requisites of a Laser system. Conditions for Laser action. Principle, Construction, and working of CO2 and semiconductor Lasers. Application of Lasers in Defence (Laser range finder) and medical applications- Eye surgery and skin treatment.

Optical Fibers: Propagation mechanism, angle of acceptance, Numerical aperture, Modes of propagation, Types of optical fibers, Attenuation, and Mention of expression for attenuation coefficient. Discussion of a block diagram of point-to-point communication, Optical fiber sensors- Intensity based displacement sensor and Temperature sensor based on phase modulation, Merits, and demerits, and Numerical problems.

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Raju is a Civil Engineer. He is writing software to automate his work. As a part of his requirement, he wants to calculate the circle diameter, circumference, and area. Help Raju to complete his task. Get radius as input.

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VTU 2nd Sem Professional Writing Skills in English [SET-2] Solved Model English Question Paper 21EGH28

“Researchers are finding harmful effects at lower levels of exposure.” How can this line be interpreted? “Researchers are finding harmful effects at lower levels of exposure.” How can this line be interpreted?

Compute sin(x)/cos(x) using Taylor series approximation.Program and Algorithm Computer Science Engineering VTU

Taylor series #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<math.h> int main() { int ch,i; float num,den,x,degree,sum=0,term; printf("enter 1 for sin(x)\n enter 2 for cos(x)\n"); scanf("%d",&ch); printf("enter the degree\n"); scanf("%f",&degree); x=(degree*3.14)/180.0; switch(ch) { case 1:num=x; den=1; i=2; break; case 2:num=1; den=1; i=1; break; default:printf("enter the proper choice\n"); exit(0); } do { term=num/den; num=-num*x*x; den=den*i*(i+1); sum=sum+term; i=i+2; } while(fabs(term)>0.000001); if(ch==1) { printf("sin(%f)without using built in function=%f\n",degree,sum); printf("sin(%f)with using built in function=%f\n",degree,sin(x)); } else { printf("cos(%f) without using buil...

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