Lasers: Interaction of radiation with matter, Einstein’s coefficients (derivation of expression for energy density).Requisites of a Laser system. Conditions for Laser action. Principle, Construction, and working of CO2 and semiconductor Lasers. Application of Lasers in Defence (Laser range finder) and medical applications- Eye surgery and skin treatment. Optical Fibers: Propagation mechanism, angle of acceptance, Numerical aperture, Modes of propagation, Types of optical fibers, Attenuation, and Mention of expression for attenuation coefficient. Discussion of a block diagram of point-to-point communication, Optical fiber sensors- Intensity based displacement sensor and Temperature sensor based on phase modulation, Merits, and demerits, and Numerical problems. click here to get the Lasers & Optical Fibers physics notes